THE USE AND LIMITATIONS OF ATROPINE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON AUTONOMIC EFFECTORS

摘要: The well known fact that atropine susceptibility is not an infallible criterion of cholinergic transmission discussed in some detail. Various examples atropine-resistant nerve effects have been considered, and the following types atropine-resistance can be distinguished: 1) Apparent resistance which due to destruction animal. This occurs a proportion rabbits, atropinesterase present blood tissues. effect then very brief may erroneously thought absent. 2) Atropine-resistance neuro-effector systems, as for example intestinal preparations from species, possibly bladder. In intestine corroborative evidence provided by anticholinesterases botulinum toxin strongly suggests endings concerned are cholinergic, therefore supports theory put forward Dale Gaddum this type "proximity" effector cells. It pointed out classification intestinomotor drugs means influenced these considerations. 3) secondary formation pharmacological agent, e.g., bradykinin salivary glands. Acetylcholine or chorda stimulation lead extrusion proteolytic enzyme capable forming serum proteins. 4) non-cholinergic transmission. Two considered: (a) antidromic trigeminal pupillary constriction; (b) vasodilatation rabbit's ear. Confirmatory other sources indicates nature effects. 5) Several nicotinic actions acetylcholine relatively resistant atropine, but nevertheless blocked alkaloid appropriate concentrations.