Four syndromes of post‐traumatic stress disorder: Stressors and conflicts of the traumatized with special focus on the Vietnam combat veteran

摘要: Four clinical syndromes of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are described in this paper. These can be observed many Vietnam veterans who have combat-related disorders. Each syndrome has its own independent stressor and central emotional conflict. conflicts are: (1) survival guilt secondary to losing a close friend, (2) fear anxiety life-threatening situations, (3) related participation acts abusive violence, (4) mistrust the experience betrayal trust, especially by persons authority. The four their associated compared with each other across following five psychological dimensions behavior: types symptoms distress, disturbances interpersonal relationships, problems aggression, alterations self-concepts, (5) characteristic changes manifest content dreams. Comparisons also made survivor/victim populations which similar been described.