Effects of seasonal migration on the latitudinal distribution of west Palaearctic bird species

摘要: This paper examines seasonal changes in the latitudinal distribution of birds (excluding seabirds) that breed western Palaearctic. Some resident species occupy ranges span less than 5? latitude year-round, while some migrant range over more 120? during course a year. Among land and freshwater habitats, spans breeding wintering are correlated. In general, narrow also winter latitude, vice versa. both groups, for any given range, partly Eurasia Africa wider those entirely within or Africa. coastal birds, there is no correlation between areas; most shorebird (northern) wide distributed linearly along coastlines. Several migration patterns can be distinguished, from complete overlap year-round residents, through partial separation summer ranges, to different geographical regions. such species, gap up 550 (6000 km).