Update of technologies for examining the stratum corneum at the molecular level.

摘要: Understanding the molecular organization of stratum corneum is still an outstanding problem, despite being both fundamentally and clinically significant. There a need to develop methodology that yields molecular-level resolution components in their native state, without introducing artefacts. We outline here recent success cryo-electron microscopy vitreous sections (CEMOVIS) combined with electron simulation elucidate its near-native state. Furthermore, some emerging technologies for studying physical properties dynamic behaviour at level are briefly reviewed. These encompass multiphoton (MPM), polarization transfer solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (PTssNMR) PeakForce tapping-mode atomic force frequency-modulation Kelvin probe (KPFM). CEMOVIS allows structure determination situ corneum, while MPM probing local physicochemical such as fluorophore diffusion coefficients, water content pH. PTssNMR evaluation mobility keratin lipid components, KPFM analysis nanomechanical corneum. techno-logies may contribute understanding function vivo.