A Sensitivity Analysis of the Impact of Rain on Regional and Global Sea-Air Fluxes of CO2

作者: I. G. Ashton , J. D. Shutler , P. E. Land , D. K. Woolf , G. D. Quartly

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0161105

关键词: SalinitySink (geography)Atmospheric sciencesCarbon dioxideCarbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphereSea airSurface waterSurface layerUncertainty analysisEnvironmental scienceGeneral Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesGeneral Medicine

摘要: The global oceans are considered a major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Rain is known to alter the physical and chemical conditions at sea surface, thus influence transfer CO2 between ocean atmosphere. It can gas exchange through enhanced velocity, direct export from atmosphere ocean, by altering skin temperature, surface layer dilution. However, date, very few studies quantifying these effects on net sea-air fluxes exist. Here, we include terms for velocity in calculations fluxes, using 7-year time series monthly climate quality satellite remote sensing observations, model in-situ data. use non-linear relationship rain wind significantly reduces estimated impact rain-induced turbulence rate transfer, when compared linear relationship. Nevertheless, globally, induced increase annual oceanic integrated up 6%. Regionally, variations be larger, with increasing Pacific Ocean 15% flux > ± 50%. Based analyses, impacts should included uncertainty analysis that estimate as have considerable impact, dependent upon region timescale.

参考文章(33)
C. Goddijn-Murphy, L. M., Woolf, D. K., Land, P. E., Shutler, J. D., Donlon, None, The OceanFlux Greenhouse Gases methodology for deriving a sea surface climatology of CO2 fugacity in support of air-sea gas flux studies Ocean Science. ,vol. 11, pp. 519- 541 ,(2015) , 10.5194/OS-11-519-2015
Daniela Turk, Christopher J. Zappa, Christopher S. Meinen, James R. Christian, David T. Ho, Andrew G. Dickson, Wade R. McGillis, Rain impacts on CO2 exchange in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 37, ,(2010) , 10.1029/2010GL045520
C. Rödenbeck, D. C. E. Bakker, N. Gruber, Y. Iida, A. R. Jacobson, S. Jones, P. Landschützer, N. Metzl, S. Nakaoka, A. Olsen, G.-H. Park, P. Peylin, K. B. Rodgers, T. P. Sasse, U. Schuster, J. D. Shutler, V. Valsala, R. Wanninkhof, J. Zeng, Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) Biogeosciences. ,vol. 12, pp. 7251- 7278 ,(2015) , 10.5194/BG-12-7251-2015
Craig J. Donlon, Matthew Martin, John Stark, Jonah Roberts-Jones, Emma Fiedler, Werenfrid Wimmer, The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system Remote Sensing of Environment. ,vol. 116, pp. 140- 158 ,(2012) , 10.1016/J.RSE.2010.10.017
Meghan F. Cronin, Michael J. McPhaden, Upper ocean salinity balance in the western equatorial Pacific Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 103, pp. 27567- 27587 ,(1998) , 10.1029/98JC02605
Christopher J. Zappa, David T. Ho, Wade R. McGillis, Michael L. Banner, John W. H. Dacey, Larry F. Bliven, Barry Ma, Jeff Nystuen, Rain‐induced turbulence and air‐sea gas transfer Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 114, ,(2009) , 10.1029/2008JC005008
Karine Béranger, Bernard Barnier, Sergei Gulev, Michel Crépon, Comparing 20 years of precipitation estimates from different sources over the world ocean Ocean Dynamics. ,vol. 56, pp. 104- 138 ,(2006) , 10.1007/S10236-006-0065-2
David T. Ho, Larry F. Bliven, Rik Wanninkhof, Peter Schlosser, The effect of rain on air-water gas exchange Tellus B. ,vol. 49, pp. 149- 158 ,(1997) , 10.3402/TELLUSB.V49I2.15957
R. Gosnell, C. W. Fairall, P. J. Webster, The sensible heat of rainfall in the tropical ocean Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 100, pp. 18437- 18442 ,(1995) , 10.1029/95JC01833
Robert F. Adler, George J. Huffman, Alfred Chang, Ralph Ferraro, Ping-Ping Xie, John Janowiak, Bruno Rudolf, Udo Schneider, Scott Curtis, David Bolvin, Arnold Gruber, Joel Susskind, Philip Arkin, Eric Nelkin, The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present) Journal of Hydrometeorology. ,vol. 4, pp. 1147- 1167 ,(2003) , 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2