Volcanic impediments in the progressive development of pre-Columbian civilizations in the Ecuadorian Andes

摘要: Abstract Archaeological investigations in Ecuador have proposed that there appear to be hiatus or anomalous jumps the progressive development of pre-Columbian indigenous cultures, based upon fact their ceramics and tools demonstrate abrupt advances sophistication at several horizons soil profile. Because some these are clearly associated with volcanic ash layers, archaeologists sought a causal relation volcanism, is, eruptive events products severely interfered early inhabitants, resulting abandonment certain areas. Geological studies young volcanoes Ecuadorian Andes carried out during past two decades now allow us make more thorough evaluation role volcanism Holocene. This contribution briefly describes principal Holocene distribution corresponding found along InterAndean Valley, from southern Colombia central Ecuador. Only those were sufficiently large they could had detrimental effect on valley's residents discussed. Dacitic rhyolitic flows, as well numerous debris flows (lahars) occurred frequently deposits cover many valleys floodplains, where inhabitants probably settled. The enormous Chillos Valley lahar, 4500 yBP eruption Cotopaxi volcano, buried soils containing Formative Period. However, greatest impact mankind was not short-lived violent events, but rather burying settlements agricultural fields by fallout, which may lasted hundreds years. Ash fall layers observed cultural profile, occurring lower flanks Andes, Ecuador's Pacific coast, oldest 5800 yBP Cotopaxi. brief study provides archaeologist detailed listing notable guide future cultures.