The Catholic Minority Experience in Scotland: the Poorhouse View, 1850–1914

摘要: This article argues that poverty reinforced by poor education, low industrial skills and fluctuating employment more than well-remembered bigotry hindered Catholic advance. Delayed marriage families broken death, often reflecting wide age differences between spouses or desertion, deprivation. To uplift the tramping masses, influential clergy laity promoted a conservative ideology of religious respectability social cultivation. A seemingly restless flock became disciplined, cohesive body. British Ultramontane identity parish devotional recreational organisations, improved missions elaborate churches enriched communal pride. Nationalism, radicalism proselytism were contained. Only after working class enfranchisement, 1918 Scottish Education Act, rise Labour decline old aristocracy did significant advance begin.