Some axioms, popular notions, and misconceptions regarding cardiovascular control.

摘要: The present status and future prospects of cardiovascular research have been evaluated in terms a series axioms that may serve to summarize this report guide our efforts the future. Axiom I. An important objective physiology is elucidation mechanisms function control animals human subjects under normal conditions. II. use ambiguous poorly defined tends obscure ignorance impede progress. III. Ideally, investigation physiologic should be conducted with minimal disturbances either organ system or its controls. IV. Experimental data are applicable without reservation only specific conditions which they were collected. V. Extrapolation application experimental species different from those information was collected based on knowledge kind extent deviation normal. VI. circulation anesthetized must regarded as models function. VII. frequently desirable useful, but their validation requires quantitative comparison model mechanism condition it designed represent. VIII. With development technics for comprehensive analysis alert, active animals, general anesthesia, thoracotomy, heart-lung preparations less employed studies responses. IX. anesthesia perform same procedures routinely accomplished nothing more than topical (venipunctures, catheterization, etc.) complicate interpretation observations contributing significantly humane treatment animals. X. Before extrapolating one another, an investigator has responsibility determine best his ability appropriate correspondences established functions study. XI. A scientific term most useful when unique definition immediately indicates what characteristics properties quantitatively measured existence change status. XII. Changes induced by during experiments indicate potential rather actual mechanisms. responses artificially loads can happen does spontaneous reactions. XIII. Although newly discovered natural laws bring order clarity out chaos, simplicity not reliable criterion validity postulates regarding