Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae).

摘要: Abstract Until recently, besnoitiosis has been a neglected disease of domestic animals. Now, geographic expansion the causing protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti in livestock recognized and cattle is considered emerging Europe. Bovine leads to significant economic losses by decline milk production, sterility, transient or permanent infertility bulls, skin lesions increase mortality affected population. Phylogenetically, genus closest related well studied medically important protozoans, Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum . In contrast, discriminative molecular markers type subtype large mammalian species ( B. , caprae tarandi bennetti ) on relevant level strains are lacking. Similarly, these cyst-forming parasites may use two hosts fulfill their life cycle, but this not proven for all yet. Most though, final transmission routes remain mysterious. Here, we review aspects parasite’s pathology, speciation, phylogeny, epidemiology with special focus recent studies date known species. Using an integrated approach, have tried highlight some promising directions future research.