Investigating the impact of SPS standards on trade using a VES model

摘要: This study employs a novel nested variable elasticity of substitution (VES) utility model to investigate the impacts food safety standards on international trade and social welfare. The VES is applied impact European Union (EU) Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) standard EU orange juice (OJ) Our results show that standard's welfare underestimated when restricted be constant. findings indicate implementation HACCP increases OJ imports as well consumer We also find has greater intra-EU than extra-EU imports. , Oxford University Press.