Risk and systems theory.

摘要: The last few decades have seen increasingly widespread use of risk assessment and management techniques as aids in making complex decisions. However, despite the progress that has been made science, there still remain numerous examples risk-based decisions conclusions caused great controversy. In particular, is a deal debate surrounding assessment: role values ethics other extra-scientific factors, efficacy quantitative versus qualitative analysis, uncertainty incomplete information. Many epistemological methodological issues confronting explored general systems theory, where exist to manage such issues. theory analysis tools not management. This article builds on Alachlor case study Brunk, Haworth, Lee present systems-based view process. details are reviewed authors' original regarding effects factors discussed. Concepts from introduced provide mechanism with which illustrate these effects. within explained, resulting an improved problem formulation consequences definition its decision then explored.