Behavioural addiction-A rising tide?

摘要: The term 'addiction' was traditionally used in relation to centrally active substances, such as cocaine, alcohol, or nicotine. Addiction is not a unitary construct but rather incorporates number of features, repetitive engagement behaviours that are rewarding (at least initially), loss control (spiralling over time), persistence despite untoward functional consequences, and physical dependence (evidenced by withdrawal symptoms when intake the substance diminishes). It has been suggested certain psychiatric disorders characterized maladaptive, share parallels with addiction therefore represent 'behavioural addictions'. This perspective influenced Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which now category 'Substance Related Addictive Disorders', including gambling disorder. Could other characterised behaviours, besides disorder, also be considered 'addictions'? Potential examples include kleptomania, compulsive sexual behaviour, 'Internet addiction', trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), skin-picking paper seeks define what meant critically considers evidence for against this conceptualisation respect above conditions, from perspectives aetiology, phenomenology, co-morbidity, neurobiology, treatment. Research area important implications future diagnostic classification systems, neurobiological models, novel treatment directions.