Biology and Management of Grape Berry Moth in North American Vineyard Ecosystems

摘要: The grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), is one of the most widespread and damaging insect pest grapes in eastern North America. It was renamed from Endopiza Clemens (Brown 2006). Larvae (Fig. 15.1c) this bore into berries causing direct injury, reducing yield, opening to opportunistic pathogens 15.1d). Where reaches high populations, may not be harvestable due contamination by larvae or diseases that reduce fruit quality, forcing growers leave heavily-infested regions vineyards unharvested. In past 50 years, prevention damage infestation moth has been achieved primarily use broad-spectrum insecticides, but increased restrictions on these chemicals food crops risk resistance insecticides continues stimulate search for alternative control methods. This review includes current status knowledge about biology P. management strategies its control. An earlier provided Dennehy et al. (1990a). We also refer readers Ioriatti (Chap. 14) comparison with European species berry-infesting Lepidoptera. chapter, we highlight future research opportunities improve sustainability vineyard integrated programs while crop viteana.