Adaptive Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes

摘要: Serious complications resulting from human infection with Listeria monocytogenes are usually limited to pregnant women, the very young or old, otherwise immunocompromised individuals (Schlech 2000). However, of experimental animals L. serves as an extremely useful immunological tool because bacteria well characterized, easily manipulated, and infect virtually all mammals (Sixl et al. 1978). In particular, murine listeriosis has been used for many decades dissect fundamental components innate adaptive immunity intracellular pathogens (Mackaness 1962; North 1997; Unanue 1997a,b,c; Finelli 1999; Harty a naturally occurring infection, is introduced into gastrointestinal tract after consumption contaminated food products where it binds to, taken up by, epithelial cells via interaction bacterial internalin A E-cadherin on host (Gaillard 1991). comparison humans, mice exhibit markedly reduced susceptibility intestinal due single amino-acid difference in mouse (Lecuit 2001); therefore, intravenous (i.v.) intraperitoneal (i.p.) most systems. Regardless route (i.p i.v.), administration one laboratory strains available results highly reproducible that can be quantitated by assaying load (colony forming units; CFUs) spleen liver at various days postinfection (White Messingham 2003). Mortality dependent strain used, LD50 ranging ∼1× 104 virulent 1× 109 some attenuated (Bouwer 2003; Badovinac 2005). Upon splenic hepatic (primarily) phagocytes majority killed within phagosomes; however, small percentage able escape destruction invade cytosol race between replication priming immune response begins.