Residual stresses in LENS® components using neutron diffraction and contour method

作者: P. Rangaswamy , M.L. Griffith , M.B. Prime , T.M. Holden , R.B. Rogge

DOI: 10.1016/J.MSEA.2005.02.019

关键词: Laser engineered net shapingEngineering drawingCylinder stressContext (language use)Composite materialNeutron diffractionCrackingDeformation (meteorology)InconelResidual stressMaterials science

摘要: During manufacturing of components by laser engineered net shaping (LENS®), a solid freeform fabrication process, the introduction residual stresses causes deformation or in worst case, cracking. The origin is attributed to thermal transients encountered during solidification. In absence reliable predictive models for stresses, measurements are necessary. Residual were measured LENS® samples 316 stainless steel and Inconel 718 having simple geometrical shapes both neutron diffraction contour methods. results two methods compared discussed context growth direction process. Surprisingly, practically uni-axial, with high direction.

参考文章(16)
Ekkehart Kr�ner, Berechnung der elastischen Konstanten des Vielkristalls aus den Konstanten des Einkristalls European Physical Journal. ,vol. 151, pp. 504- 518 ,(1958) , 10.1007/BF01337948
Michael Bauccio, ASM metals reference book ASM International. ,(1993)
Charles T. Lynch, Robert Summitt, Alan Sliker, CRC handbook of materials science CRC Press. ,(1974)
J.W.L. Pang, T.M. Holden, J.S. Wright, T.E. Mason, THE GENERATION OF INTERGRANULAR STRAINS IN 309H STAINLESS STEEL UNDER UNIAXIAL LOADING Acta Materialia. ,vol. 48, pp. 1131- 1140 ,(2000) , 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00382-1
William Hofmeister, Michelle Griffith, Solidification in direct metal deposition by LENS processing JOM. ,vol. 53, pp. 30- 34 ,(2001) , 10.1007/S11837-001-0066-Z
M. B. Prime, Cross-sectional mapping of residual stresses by measuring the surface contour after a cut Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme. ,vol. 123, pp. 162- 168 ,(2001) , 10.1115/1.1345526
TM Holden, RA Holt, CN Tomé, None, Intergranular strains in Inconel-600 Materials Science and Engineering: A. ,vol. 282, pp. 131- 136 ,(2000) , 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00774-1
Bjørn Clausen, Torben Lorentzen, Mark A.M. Bourke, Mark R. Daymond, Lattice strain evolution during uniaxial tensile loading of stainless steel Materials Science and Engineering: A. ,vol. 259, pp. 17- 24 ,(1999) , 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00878-8
Aditad Vasinonta, Jack L. Beuth, Michelle L. Griffith, A process map for consistent build conditions in the solid freeform fabrication of thin-walled structures Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-transactions of The Asme. ,vol. 123, pp. 615- 622 ,(2001) , 10.1115/1.1370497