Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptors and Signaling Pathways: Similarities and Differences

摘要: Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play critical roles in normal physiology. Pathological perturbations these hormone systems result serious medical consequences. is considered to be primarily a “metabolic” with important effects on homeostasis of glucose, fat protein. If insulin production or action at target tissues are impaired, diabetes numerous concomitant conditions resistance including hypertension hypertriglyceridemia will ensue. The IGFs, other hand, control development organism. IGFs by facilitating cellular proliferation terminally differentiated cells inhibiting apoptosis. In adult tissues, also have various tissue-specific functions. While there clear differences physiological hormones/growth share many similarities. hormones similar tertiary structures, they ~50% amino acid identity. Both interact specific cell surface receptors that represent one sub-class tyrosine kinase receptor family. signaling cascades induced activation (IR) IGF-I (IGF-IR) highly overlapping, some subtle differences, as discussed more detail below.