Regeneration from Injury and Resource Allocation in Sponges and Corals – a Review

摘要: The ability of bottom-dwelling marine epifauna to regenerate injured or lost body parts is critical the survival individuals from disturbances that inflict wounds. Numerous studies on sponges (Phlyum Porifera) and corals (of orders Scleractinia Alcyonacea) suggest regeneration limited by many intrinsic (individual-dependent) extrinsic (environment-dependent) factors, other life history processes may compete with for energetic cellular resources. We review how (size, age, morphology, genotype) (wound characteristics, water temperature, food availability, sedimentation, disturbance history, selection) factors limit in corals. then evidence impaired somatic growth sexual reproduction, altered outcomes interactions (anti-predator defenses, competitive abilities, self- non-self recognition abilities) organisms regenerating demonstrate smaller, older decreasing morphological complexities tend less well than others, can be modulated genotype. Large wounds small perimeters inflicted away areas where resources are located regenerated as injuries when animal has been previously recently injured. also strongly impairs growth, reduces aspects decreases defend themselves against predators, compete, recognize conspecifics. Effects histories manifest higher levels biological assembly e.g., reduced accretion epifaunal biomass, recruitment biotic associations, thus affect community ecosystem recovery disturbances.