The Ethology of Predation

摘要: 1 Internal Factors.- A. Hunger: Expression through Overt behavior.- I. Predatory Schedules.- 1. Patterns of Satiation.- 2. Feast and Famine.- II. Hunger Diel Rhythms.- III. The Ramification Effects.- Capture-eliciting Prey Stimuli.- Search IV. Motivation Underlying Feeding Responses.- Thresholds Response Components.- Complexity Motivation.- V. Diversity Foraging Tactics.- VI. Components Affected not by Hunger.- B. Control Responses Factors Other than Readiness to Hunt.- Storing.- Providing Food for Dependent Family Members.- C. Problem Specific Hungers.- Switching Prey.- Prey-density Predation Curve.- Swamping the Appetite Predators.- D. Daily Annual Rhythms in Predator-Prey Interactions.- Rhythm Predation.- Activity 2 Searching Path Scanning Movements.- Area-concentrated Search.- Short-term Area Concentration.- Living Scattered Nature Changes.- 3. Behavior after Disappearance Long-term One-prey : One-place Association.- Object-concentrated Existence Properties "Searching Image".- Ecological Evidence.- Experimental Social Facilitation Image Formation.- "Training Bias".- Profitability Hunting.- Evidence Prey-specific Expectation.- Implications Image.- 3 Recognition.- Stimulus-specificity Capture.- Capture-inhibiting One-response Relationships.- Assessment Circumstances a Recognition Prey-related Signals.- E. Stimulus Summation.- F. Novelty Versus Familiarity.- Rejection Novel Familiarization with Its Consequences.- G. Multi-channel Hypothesis 4 Selection.- Preying upon Weak Sick.- Odd Conspicuous.- Mechanics Evolutionary Implications.- 5 Hunting Modes Speculation.- Stalking Ambushing.- Stalking.- Attack under Disguise.- Pursuit Changes Velocity (Pursuit).- Interception Flight Path.- Counteradaptations Exhausting Dangerous Insinuation.- VII. Scavenging Cleptoparasitism.- Extent.- Cleptoparasitism Competition.- Counter-measures Robbed.- VIII. Tool-use.- IX. Mutilation.- Methods.- Situation-specific Mechanisms Causes Versatility.- General.- Individual Repertories.- Persistence Traits.- 4. Specialization Structural Modification.- 5. Versatility Relation Availability.- Behavioral Aspects Success.- A Comparison Success across Predator Species.- Variables Influencing within Communal Conducive Benefits References.- Scientific Names Animals Plants.