Ecological Biomarkers: Indicators of Ecotoxicological Effects

作者:

DOI: 10.1201/B13036

关键词: Energy metabolismCascading effectsBiologyBiomarkers of exposure assessmentPopulation structureChronic exposurePopulationRisk assessmentEcologyChemical contaminants

摘要: To date, the assessment of health status waters is mainly based on chemical measurements contaminants and use indices revealing disturbances living communities. However, over last decade, scientists have increasingly attempted to describe potential ecological consequences impairments detected at lower levels biological organization well before degradation has reached a stage when remediation no longer possible or commercially viable. Reproductive success depends cascade events (biochemical, physiological, behavioral) subindividual individual level key role in maintaining population structure density with community andecosystem levels. Thus, there strong case focus responses (biomarkers) linked directly indirectly reproduction such as, for example, energy metabolism, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, behavioral disturbances. Cascading effects, leading changes, can occur contaminated environments (or least laboratory after chronic exposure sublethal environmentally relevant doses).Inbiological monitoring programs,atieredapproach canbeproposed,including: i)thedetection abnormalities high-level biomarkers reproduction; ii) measurement battery core (more specific biochemical markers) identify main classes which may be responsible observed ecotoxicological effects; iii) analytical chemistry validate hypotheses from these by confirming presence raised bioavailabilities any suspected contaminants. The relevance using modeling link consequencesatthe populationlevel inrisk assessmentisdiscussed. In addition totheir usein environmental quality assessments, could contribute predictive risk assessments new existing chemicals.

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