Complexity and emergent properties in aquatic ecosystems: predictability of ecosystem responses

摘要: 1. The paper explores the predictability of ecological conditions in aquatic systems and their responses to catchment management schemes, which hydrological material loads can be accurately precisely quantified. Linkages between hydrology impacts on water quality are considered. 2. New approaches modelling complex biological behaviour recipient briefly reviewed. The case is made for simulating emergent outcomes based adaptive strategies dynamic behaviours species attempting meet demands within supportive capacities furnished by local environments. This ‘bottom-up’ approach justified fact that ecosystems sum smallest components; aggregate activities individuals. 3. A framework model template founded upon properties high-performing organisms developed context exergy fluxes deployment against axes representing resource-carrying capacity versus energy (photosynthetic chemical) available process it. 4. Some worked examples simulated emergence lakes given, using phytoplankton-community model, PROTECH, demonstrate acuity predictions quite subtle variations biologically active solutes suspensoids communities pelagic.