The role of ultrasound in assessment of male fertility.

摘要: Ultrasonography (US) is a widely used and well tolerated imaging modality for evaluation of pathologic conditions the testes. Recent technical advances US applications post processing developments have enabled new aspects in structural functional analysis testicular tissue therefore male fertility. This review covers most relevant approaches due to recent advances. Testicular volume measured by B-mode correlated significantly with function. Increased resistive index (RI) pulsatility (PI) capsular branches arteries on unenhanced color Doppler examination may be an indicator impaired microcirculation patients clinical varicocele. FSH was inversely directly vascularization, suggesting that ultrasonographic scanning testes used, if sperm count not available, indirectly assess gonadal Perfusion mapping, performed use ultrasound, has shown first time suffering from azoospermia, quality quantity depend perfusion within testicle. arterial blood flow found decreased men reflection microcirculation. Following flow, spermatogenesis result defective energy metabolism microcirculatory bed. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) potentially applicable investigation vascular disorders testis. Pulse inversion data can correctly determine relative based nonlinear curve fitting backscatter intensity as function spectral trace. PI imaging, compared conventional methods, provides superior assessment setting acute ischemia. New contrast-enhanced techniques like microvessel (proposed Philips) CPS Siemens-Acuson) allow better determination curves illustration vessel distribution inside First results show lower density atrophic difference contrast dynamics Real-time elastography, method stiffness under real-time conditions, demonstrates different elasticity values dependent Further studies will prove these evolve into practice.