Individual Variation in Anti-predator Responses in the Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)

摘要: Inter-population differences in stickleback anti-predator behaviour responses to predation risks are now well established (HUNTINGFORD 1982; GILES & HUNTINGFORD 1984). This paper reanalyses this data search of individual behavioural the exploration a novel environment and escape strategy shown by sticklebacks when stalked hunting pike (Esox lucius). 8 factors (accounting for 70% variance original data) emerge from analysis significant sex population effects described. Factors 1 2 correspond predator investigation level boldness towards pike. 3, 4 5 separate response into three distinct tactics adopted being These groupings independent activity before presence is detected. 6, 7 were comprised activities (use open water, weed beds cover provided bottom tank) which load heavily both periods after reacted predator. may represent different sticklebacks.