Modelling of ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated livestock buildings. Part 1: Ammonia release modelling

摘要: Gaseous emissions from livestock buildings are a major environmental concern worldwide and an increasing number of countries have now introduced legislation that aims to reduce the emission pollutants like ammonia. This paper is first series three reviews focussing on utilisation different modelling techniques estimate ammonia naturally ventilated buildings. Well-designed can provide occupants with good indoor air quality as well energy consumption below levels for mechanically systems. But time-dependence large fluctuations movement through ventilation openings significant challenges both measuring buildings.This considers 12 studies published within last 32 years included process-level models using mechanistic approaches estimating release surfaces in cattle, pig poultry Several available predicting urine puddles floors manure pits under cattle Five been validated against measurements or animals. One model predicted broiler litter, but it was based laboratory only. No were identified mixtures urine, faecal bedding material floor buildings.Air velocity above important parameter all models. The full scale used empirically determined relationships velocity. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods opportunity spatially temporal distributed conditions around However, potential integration process level cannot currently be realised because lack validation data processing capacity needed handle complex computational needs 3D