Fungi in Mucoobstructive Airway Diseases.

摘要: Asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and related incurable allergic afflictions of the upper lower airways are medically important because their association with disabling symptom dyspnea and, at least for asthma, potential to cause fatal asphyxiation. Extensive research over past two decades has uncovered both physiological basis airway obstruction in asthma key governing molecular pathways. Exaggerated constriction response diverse provocative stimuli, termed hyperresponsiveness, is mediated through cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) IL-13 transcription factor signal transducer activator 6 (STAT6). Overproduction mucus long been known be an essential second component also part IL-4/IL-13/STAT6 pathway. In this review, we discuss a major signaling pathway which underlies production that proteinase-cleaved fibrinogen Toll-like receptor 4. Unexpectedly, our analysis human sputum paranasal sinus fluid indicates most cases severe disease, unique type fungal infection, mycosis, pathogenically linked these conditions. We further how endogenous proteinases mediate fibrinogenolysis fibrin deposition that, together mucus, contribute obstruction.