摘要: Based on observations in vivo guinea-pig and human airways, this review presents plasma exudation as non-sieved transmission of bulk across an unperturbed mucosa that maintains its normal barrier functions. Several steps have led to the present understanding a non-injurious response mucosal challenges. The implication swift appearance all circulating multipotent protein systems (also including antimicrobial peptides now are viewed being exclusively produced by local cells) challenged, but intact, surfaces cannot be trivial. Yet, involvement early responses innate immunology has dwelled below radar. Admittedly, exploration physiological mechanisms requires approaches beyond mouse studies. Plasma also lacks specificity is hallmark biological revelations. These aspects separate from mainstream progress immunology. whole idea, presented here, thus competes with strong paradigms currently entertained accepted research front. focus humoral immunity further deviates most discussions, which concern cell-mediated defence. Indeed, emerged sole source major defence proteins cell produce. In conclusion, highlights opportunities for complex actions interactions provided proteins/peptides surface intact barriers vivo.