Changes in Blood Chemistry and Blood Cell Morphology in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Following Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Total Residual Chlorine in Municipal Wastewater

摘要: Yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed for 12 wk to either 0.3, 1.1, or 3.6% chlorinated municipal sewage treatment plant effluent with seawater diluent (average salinity 28‰)under continuous flow conditions. The maximum safe concentration of lies between 0.3 and 1.1% total residual chlorine (TRCl2) content 0.003 0.009 mg/liter, respectively). Effluent concentrations 0.3% produced no discernible effects on the fish. Concentrations 1.1 TRCl2 0.030 mg/liter) resulted in reductions hemoglobin hematocrit levels indicative anemia. Observations erythrocytes revealed lysed degenerating cells, increased numbers circulating immature abnormal cells. These hematological are attributed oxidative nature TRCl2.