Gate crashing arbuscular mycorrhizas: in vivo imaging shows the extensive colonization of both symbionts by Trichoderma atroviride.

摘要: Summary Plant growth-promoting fungi include strains of Trichoderma species that are used in biocontrol, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, enhance plant nutrition stress resistance. The concurrent interaction plants with these two groups affects crop performance but has only been occasionally studied so far. Using vivo imaging green fluorescent protein-tagged lines, we investigated the cellular interactions occurring between atroviride PKI1, Medicago truncatula Gigaspora under vitro culture conditions. atroviride did not activate symbiotic-like responses cells, such as nuclear calcium spiking or cytoplasmic aggregations at hyphal contact sites. Furthermore, T. atroviride parasitized G. gigantea G. margarita hyphae through localized wall breaking degradation – although this was associated significant chitin lysis nor upregulation major chitinase genes. Trichoderma atroviride colonized broad areas root epidermis, association cell death. infection both symbionts also observed when applied to a pre-established AM symbiosis. We conclude triple is known improve growth agricultural environments demonstrate particularly aggressive mycoparasitic plant-colonizing behaviour biocontrol strain Trichoderma.