Temperature dependence of trophic interactions are driven by asymmetry of species responses and foraging strategy

摘要: Summary Environmental temperature has systematic effects on rates of species interactions, primarily through its influence organismal physiology. We present a mechanistic model for the thermal response consumer–resource interactions. We focus how affects interactions via key traits – body velocity, detection distance, search rate and handling time that underlie per capita consumption rate. The is general because it applies to all foraging strategies: active-capture (both consumer resource velocity are important), sit-and-wait (resource dominates) grazing (consumer dominates). The predicts influences (either consumer, or both), which determines often consumers resources encounter each other, asymmetries in responses interacting can introduce qualitative, not just quantitative, changes dynamics. illustrate this by showing determine equilibrium population densities pairs. We test existence analysing an extensive database curves ecological 309 spanning 15 orders magnitude size from terrestrial, marine freshwater habitats. find likely be common occurrence. Overall, our study reveals importance asymmetric In particular, we identify three types asymmetries: (i) different levels performance response, (ii) (e.g. activation energies) (iii) peak optimal temperatures. Such should occur more frequently as climate species' geographical distributions phenologies altered, such previously noninteracting come into contact. By using characteristics trophic well known, size, strategy, thermy environmental temperature, framework allow accurate predictions about dependence Ultimately, integration theory models food web ecosystem dynamics useful understanding natural systems will respond current future change.