The complex resistomes of Paenibacillaceae reflect diverse antibiotic chemical ecologies

摘要: The ecology of antibiotic resistance involves the interplay a long natural history production in environment, and modern selection pathogens through human use these drugs. Important components resistome are intrinsic genes environmental bacteria, evolved acquired over millennia, their mobilization, which drives dissemination pathogens. Understanding dynamics evolution across bacterial taxa is essential to address current crisis drug-resistant infections. Here we report exploration Paenibacillaceae prompted by our discovery an ancient Paenibacillus sp. LC231, recovered from isolated Lechuguilla cave environment. Using biochemical gene expression analysis, have mined second member family, Brevibacillus brevis VM4, produces several antimicrobial secondary metabolites. phylogenomics, show that resistomes flux, evolve mostly independent metabolite biosynthetic diversity, characterized cryptic, redundant, pseudoparalogous, orthologous genes. We find contrast pathogens, mobile genetic elements not significantly responsible for remodeling. This offers divergent modes development bacteria.