Smoking, inflammation and small cell lung cancer: recent developments

摘要: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15 % of all tumors and represents an invasive neuroendocrine malignancy with poor survival rates. This is highly prevalent in smokers characterized by inactivation p53 retinoblastoma. First vitro expansion circulating tumor cells (CTCs) SCLC patients allowed investigation the biology dissemination. In suggested CTC model, primary attracts educates tumor-promoting immunosuppressive macrophages which turn arm CTCs to spread generate distal lesions. Preexisting inflammatory processes associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) seem potentiate subsequent activity tumor-associated (TAM). Activation signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3) expression chitinase-3-like 1/YKL-40 seems be drug resistance. conclusion, inflammation-associated generation chemoresistant most likely explains characteristic features SCLC, namely early dissemination rapid failure chemotherapy.