19 – Gender and the Heart: Sex-Specific Differences in Normal Myocardial Anatomy and Physiology and in the Experiences of Some Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

摘要: This chapter reviews some of the differences between men and women's normal cardiac physiology describes in their unique experiences with common diseases cardiovascular system. Women's hearts coronary arteries are generally smaller than that male counterparts because bodies as compared to men. According researchers, small vessel size is a predictor increased risk in-hospital mortality patients undergoing artery bypass grafting, both sexes, found sex was an important size. Investigators have studied myocyte death congestive heart failure noted significant impact gender on process. Sex-specific properties myocardium prompted widely held hypothesis hormonal milieu women modulates not only functional characteristics system, but also reason premenopausal relatively less likely develop disease. The activity renin-angiotensin system males females different complexly affected by estrogen. Electrophysiological well described. Women faster resting rate There autonomic nervous influence rates rhythms.