Nature's complex flume — Using a diagnostic state-and-transition framework to understand post-restoration channel adjustment of the Clark Fork River, Montana

摘要: Abstract There is an imperfect symmetry between the patterns of channel evolution observed during laboratory flume experiments and those which materialize in rivers exposed to ambient environmental conditions that produce hydrogeomorphic fluxes are more complex, contingent, unpredictable. One strategy improve our understanding short- medium-term study landscapes have undergone significant disturbance had their biogeomorphic templates reset a known condition — effect, creating nature. This adopts diagnostic state-and-transition framework narrate document baseline hypotheses for potential evolutionary trajectories Clark Fork River, near Milltown, Montana. Following dam removal remediation, 5-km stretch River its adjoining floodplain were reconstructed. Since flow was introduced newly constructed December 2010, complex been on Fork's mainstem, secondary channels, floodplain. Focusing particularly river's this paper develops typology states demonstrates multiple adjustment materialized, sometimes within same channel. A offers parsimonious quantitatively or qualitatively anticipate influence water, sediment, ecological at basin, reach, segment scale. It provides agencies with robust method devise spatially explicit scenario-based management plans variety geomorphic settings.