New environmental metabarcodes for analysing soil DNA: potential for studying past and present ecosystems.

摘要: Metabarcoding approaches use total and typically degraded DNA from environmental samples to analyse biotic assemblages can potentially be carried out for any kinds of organisms in an ecosystem. These analyses rely on specific markers, here called metabarcodes, which should optimized taxonomic resolution, minimal bias amplification the target organism group short sequence length. Using bioinformatic tools, we developed metabarcodes several groups organisms: fungi, bryophytes, enchytraeids, beetles birds. The ability these amplify was systematically evaluated by (i) silico PCRs using all standard sequences EMBL public database as templates, (ii) vitro extracts surface soil a site Varanger, northern Norway (iii) permanently frozen sediment late-Pleistocene age (~16,000-50,000 years bp) two Siberian sites, Duvanny Yar Main River. Comparison results PCR with those obtained showed that approach offered reliable estimate suitability marker. All were detected DNA, but found large variation level detection among between modern ancient samples. Success rates Pleistocene highest fungal whereas bryophyte, beetle bird could also retrieved, much lesser degree. metabarcoding has considerable potential biodiversity screening palaeoecological tool.