Alien Bryophytes and Lichens of Europe

摘要: Bryophytes (Bryophyta) include mosses (Bryopsida), liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and species-poor hornworts (Anthoceratopsida) (Soderstrom et al. 2002; Hill 2006). Lichens are composite organisms, arising from a mutualistic association between saprophytic fungus photosynthetic alga or bacterium (Ahmadjian 1993). The partner is usually also found as common free-living species, only the highly specific fungal likely to be alien within Europe. taxonomically disparate, united by trophic strategy which has been adopted across diverse range of lineages. dis-tantly related bryophytes, biologically very different.Why therefore do we consider two groups together in this chapter? In context invasions they share number important features present strong practical parallels issues create: (1) poorly recorded, so have little information assess their invasion history; (2) dispersed efficiently spores, much greater natural colonizing ability than other major taxa; (3) since few cultivated uses there near-absence deliberate intro-ductions; (4) being small organisms rarely parasitic, impacts tend measurable on micro-scale (5) possibility subtle but long-term effects such yet considered scientific community.