Autoimmune and virus-induced demyelinating diseases. A review.

摘要: Patterns of demyelination are described in several autoimmune and virus-induced demyelinating diseases the peripheral central nervous system. Myelin can be destroyed by injuries that affect either myelin-supporting cells and/or myelin lamellae. After destruction supporting cells, related disintegrating sheaths stripped off axons invading phagocytes. Virus-induced cytolysis occur with or without participation immune responses, as demonstrated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy, respectively. Autoimmune is characterized disintegration periventular, mononuclear cell infiltrates. lamellae rather than target allergic reaction. The lysed focal areas when contact presumably sensitized cells. damaged then removed a nonspecific manner macrophages strip remnant axons. This sequence changes best revealed experimental human nerves, ie, neuritis idiopathic polyneutris (the Guillain-Barre syndrome). triggered virus infection Marek's disease postinfectious Theiler's myelitis. Changes canine distemper discussed reference to both demyelination. observations compared lesions multiple sclerosis, most common unknown etiology.