Non-viral factors contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma.

作者: Manal A Hamed , Sanaa A Ali

DOI: 10.4254/WJH.V5.I6.311

关键词: Attributable riskInternal medicineHepatocellular carcinomaAutoimmune hepatitisPathologyHepatitis CMedicinePrimary biliary cirrhosisGastroenterologyLiver cancerLiver diseaseHepatitis B

摘要: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half million deaths per year. The geographic pattern HCC incidence parallel to exposure viral etiologic factors. Its increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, variability in rates correspond closely prevalence primary Chronic infections with hepatitis B viruses or C have both been recognized as human liver carcinogens combined attributable fraction at least 75% all cases. Multiple non-viral factors implicated development HCC. Increased body mass index diabetes subsequent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis represent significant risk Other causes include iron overload syndromes, alcohol use, tobacco, oral contraceptive, aflatoxin, pesticides betel quid chewing, prevalent habit developing world. Wilson disease, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Porphyrias, autoimmune hepatitis, Schistosoma japonicum associated positive surface antigen, thorotrast-ray are also contributing hepatocellualar carcinoma. In addition, biliary cirrhosis, congestive disease family history increase incident. conclusion, clarification relevant will help focus clinicians those that modifiable. multilevel preventative approach hopefully lead reduction HCC, decrease patient morbidity mortality well societal economic burden

参考文章(101)
Cristina H Hajdu, Ruliang Xu, Wilson disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterología y Hepatología. ,vol. 4, pp. 438- 439 ,(2008)
Alicja Wolk, Gloria Gridley, Malin Svensson, Olof Nyrén, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Hans-Olov Adami, A prospective study of obesity and cancer risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes & Control. ,vol. 12, pp. 13- 21 ,(2001) , 10.1023/A:1008995217664
J. Korula, G. Kanel, G. Campofiori, P. Nichols, A. Yellin, Hepatocellular carcinoma coexisting with hepatic adenoma. Incidental discovery after long-term oral contraceptive use. Western Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 155, pp. 416- 418 ,(1991)
Martina T Mogl, An unhappy triad: hemochromatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatocellular carcinoma-a case report. World Journal of Gastroenterology. ,vol. 13, pp. 1998- 2001 ,(2007) , 10.3748/WJG.V13.I13.1998
Victor M. Moyo, Rudo Makunike, Innocent T. Gangaidzo, Victor R. Gordeuk, Christine E. McLaren, Hlosukwazi Khumalo, Thoko Saungweme, Tracey Rouault, Clement F. Kiire, African iron overload and hepatocellular carcinoma (HA‐7–0–080) European Journal of Haematology. ,vol. 60, pp. 28- 34 ,(2009) , 10.1111/J.1600-0609.1998.TB00993.X
R. Guan, C. J. Oon, P. K. Wong, W. C. Foong, A. Wee, Primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with Wilson's disease in a young woman. Postgraduate Medical Journal. ,vol. 61, pp. 357- 359 ,(1985) , 10.1136/PGMJ.61.714.357
Shien T L Micchelli, Perumal Vivekanandan, John K Boitnott, Timothy M Pawlik, Michael A Choti, Michael Torbenson, Malignant transformation of hepatic adenomas Modern Pathology. ,vol. 21, pp. 491- 497 ,(2008) , 10.1038/MODPATHOL.2008.8
J F Tsai, L Y Chuang, J E Jeng, M S Ho, M Y Hsieh, Z Y Lin, L Y Wang, Betel quid chewing as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. British Journal of Cancer. ,vol. 84, pp. 709- 713 ,(2001) , 10.1054/BJOC.1999.1597
F. Aguilar, S. P. Hussain, P. Cerutti, Aflatoxin B1 induces the transversion of G-->T in codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ,vol. 90, pp. 8586- 8590 ,(1993) , 10.1073/PNAS.90.18.8586
Yu-Jing Zhang, Pavel Rossner, Yu Chen, Meenakshi Agrawal, Qiao Wang, Lillian Wang, Habibul Ahsan, Ming-Whei Yu, Po-Huang Lee, Regina M. Santella, Aflatoxin B1 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts, p53 mutations and p16 methylation in liver tissue and plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. International Journal of Cancer. ,vol. 119, pp. 985- 991 ,(2006) , 10.1002/IJC.21699