作者: Manal A Hamed , Sanaa A Ali
关键词: Attributable risk 、 Internal medicine 、 Hepatocellular carcinoma 、 Autoimmune hepatitis 、 Pathology 、 Hepatitis C 、 Medicine 、 Primary biliary cirrhosis 、 Gastroenterology 、 Liver cancer 、 Liver disease 、 Hepatitis B
摘要: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half million deaths per year. The geographic pattern HCC incidence parallel to exposure viral etiologic factors. Its increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, variability in rates correspond closely prevalence primary Chronic infections with hepatitis B viruses or C have both been recognized as human liver carcinogens combined attributable fraction at least 75% all cases. Multiple non-viral factors implicated development HCC. Increased body mass index diabetes subsequent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis represent significant risk Other causes include iron overload syndromes, alcohol use, tobacco, oral contraceptive, aflatoxin, pesticides betel quid chewing, prevalent habit developing world. Wilson disease, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Porphyrias, autoimmune hepatitis, Schistosoma japonicum associated positive surface antigen, thorotrast-ray are also contributing hepatocellualar carcinoma. In addition, biliary cirrhosis, congestive disease family history increase incident. conclusion, clarification relevant will help focus clinicians those that modifiable. multilevel preventative approach hopefully lead reduction HCC, decrease patient morbidity mortality well societal economic burden