Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives.

摘要: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in United States as well European Union. While incidence and mortality rates western, high developed countries are declining, reflecting success of screening programs improved treatment regimen, a rise overall global CRC burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development index. Despite growing insight into biology many therapeutic improvements recent decades, preclinical vivo models still indispensable for new approaches. Since carcinogen-induced rodent more than 80 years ago, plethora animal has been established study colon biology. tenuous invasiveness metastatic behavior, these useful chemoprevention studies evaluate colitis-related carcinogenesis. Genetically engineered mouse (GEMM) mirror pathogenesis sporadic inherited depending on specific molecular pathways activated or inhibited. Although vast majority GEMM lack invasiveness, metastasis tumor heterogeneity, they have proven examination microenvironment systemic immune responses; thus, supporting avenues. Induction disease by orthotopic injection cell lines possible, but so generated genetic diversity number suited very limited. Patient-derived xenografts, contrast, maintain pathological characteristics individual patient's after subcutaneous implantation immunodeficient mice therefore reliable drug - even comparison line-based analyses. However, patient-derived xenograft less suitable studying aspects anti-tumoral responses. The authors review distinct with emphasis their clinical relevance shed light latest developments field models.