Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure

摘要: Liver failure (LF) is defined as severe dysfunction in hepatic synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism induced by various etiologies. Clinical presentation of LF typically includes jaundice, coagulation disorder, encephalopathy, ascites. can be classified into acute LF, acute-on-chronic (ACLF), chronic LF. ACLF has been demonstrated a distinct syndrome with unique clinical outcomes. The severity, curability, reversibility have attracted considerable attention. Remarkable developments ACLF-related conception, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, therapy achieved. However, this disease, especially its remains controversial. In paper, we systemically reviewed the current understanding from definition, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, to management thoroughly comparing important findings between east west countries, well those other regions. We also discussed controversies, challenges, needs for future studies promote standardization optimization diagnosis treatment ACLF.