B cell tolerance to xenoantigens.

摘要: Abstract: Xenotransplantation of pig organs to humans is a possible solution the shortage donor for transplantation. Multiple immunologic barriers need be overcome if pig-to-primate transplantation successful. The presence, in humans, natural antibodies (Abs) directed against Galα1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc epitopes on vascular endothelium provides major barrier, as antibody–antigen binding initiates process hyperacute rejection. Even rejection prevented, acute develops. Acute also mediated, part, by xenoreactive Abs and may complement-independent. Efforts being made antibody-mediated include depletion antibody extracorporeal immunoadsorption, prevention an induced Ab response pharmacologic reagents, B-cell and/or plasma cell depletion, or inhibition complement, use from pigs transgenic human complement regulatory proteins. ultimate would induction tolerance xenogeneic antigens, which explored attempting induce hematopoietic chimerism. Here, we review properties B types responding xenoantigens strategies tolerizing those cells.