作者: Steve Elias , Eric Peden
关键词: Post-thrombotic syndrome 、 Surgery 、 Chronic venous insufficiency 、 Lower limbs venous ultrasonography 、 Radiology 、 Deep vein 、 Ablation 、 Radiofrequency ablation 、 Percutaneous 、 Medicine 、 Catheter
摘要: Recent advances in catheter-based endovenous interventions have broadened our understanding the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that can be caused by abnormality various lower extremity structures, including superficial or deep vein reflux incompetent perforating veins. This article reviews history principles percutaneous ablation perforators (PAPs). Discussions related to treatment procedural techniques PAPs using radiofrequency ablation, laser energy, sclerosant injection are provided. Current clinical results with energy as modality insufficiency also discussed.