Long-term effects of adolescent smoking on depression and socioeconomic status in adulthood in an urban African American cohort.

摘要: Despite known adverse causal effects of cigarette smoking on mental health, findings for the adolescent later depression and socioeconomic status remain inconclusive. Previous studies have had shorter follow-up periods did not a representative portion African American population. Using an analytical method that matches smokers with nonsmokers childhood background variables, this study aims to provide evidence regular adult status. Our longitudinal is from Woodlawn Study followed 1,242 Americans in Chicago 1966–1967 (at age 6–7) through 2002–2003 42–43). We used propensity score matching find non-regular group similar family first grade academic behavioral performance. compared matched samples assess outcomes. Comparing 199 smokers, we found statistical support educational attainment (OR, 2.13; 95 % CI, 1.34, 3.39) long-term unemployment 1.74; 1.11, 2.75), but adulthood major depressive disorders. With community population urban 40 years, our contributes understanding relationships between employment.