作者: A. Hundley , Michael W. Firmin , R. Firmin , E. Hessler
DOI:
关键词: Aggression 、 Psychology 、 Affirmative action 、 Social group 、 Sociocultural evolution 、 Zeitgeist 、 Popular culture 、 Sexual violence 、 Developmental psychology 、 Contemporary society 、 Social psychology
摘要: Women experience around 4.8 million physical assaults and rapes in any given calendar year (Sanchez, 2012). Naturally, this prevalent problem is one that should not--and cannot--be tolerated or ignored contemporary society. While Americans as a whole are much more open to talking about sexual violence today, when compared years past, the Zeitgeist has not yet seemingly shifted from generic concern cogent affirmative action will help reduce prevalence rates. Rather, Bertram Crowley (2012) argue openness taken form of representations assault popular culture disguise lack change attitudes subject. In other words, talk does necessarily result measurable meaningful changes practices. Sociocultural factors often play significant role identifying which behaviors formally recognized rape subsequently influence (Jalloul, 2013). Perilloux, Duntley, Buss noted particularly salient indicators include negative impacts on self-esteem, reputation, frequency sex, desire have self-perceived mate value. sum, just because discussing abuse mean general attitude held by its members seeking changes. feminists generally lead studying construct American society, self-advocacy women's protective rights perspectives, we believe rightful case also exists for additional research focuses directly men's advocacy efforts; they group people most responsible women. particular, 99% cases, males perpetrators sex crimes against women (Barone, Wolgemuth, & Linder, 2007). Additionally, Parkhill Abbey (2008) found self-report study 356 college men random, national sample universities 58% male participants admitted having with woman who was unable consent communicated consent. many even way past abusers may indicate belief warranted simply gender identities (LeCouter Oxlad, 2011). Men hold rape-tolerant than propose lenient punishments date scenarios (Dunlap, 2010; McDonald Kline, 2004), accepting myths (Hayes, Lorenz, Bell, Given these stark differences, literature would benefit knowing both female perspectives regarding how best institute prevention An obvious void better understanding can take contribute reductions It makes sense efforts genders holistically helping society critical domain. responsibility share end occurrences, been aimed at eliciting their direct assistance order high rates abuse. Educators school university levels sought teach roles For example, Lyndon, Duffy, Smith, White (2011) studied effects utilizing athletic coaches potential means aggression young men. Unfortunately, were either unwilling ill-equipped be successful educators topic Educational interventions campuses successful, producing some beneficial beliefs participated (Garrity, programs positive effect victimization first-year students (Gibbons, …