Estimating the costs and benefits of soil conservation in Europe

摘要: Abstract Economics is about problems of choice. In erosion control, both public authorities and private land users are faced with such problems. What the impact erosion, on-site off-site, to what extent can this be quantified? If we conceptualize in terms sustainability, how compare one type effect against another? The former question answered only by natural scientists, latter economists other social scientists. Weighing different aspects sustainability requires value judgments, sometimes accused having a jaundiced view reality, wrongly supposing that decisions based on rationality denying importance emotion. However, let us assume there some mileage gained out attempting estimate cost an economic sense—which consists converting various effects into common denominator: euros. predict control measures rates, know benefit these measures. also needs calculated, not money but resources expended (which could have been used for purposes) possible negative impacts (for instance, increased use herbicides reduced-tillage systems). There important considerations which may study. Firstly, comparison present versus future costs benefits: much sacrifice today higher tomorrow? Secondly, issue do goals differ from (those of?) good, help users’ behaviour, incentives would appropriate make them behave way as maximize good? Thirdly, deal uncertainty risk? These loomed large study support extended assessment EU Soil Thematic Strategy, 2005. Whereas research has done its impact, small scale. problem national, alone continental or global scale, still poorly known. paper discusses were faced, same saying they resolved.