The impact of permanent gullies on present-day land use and agriculture in loess areas (E. Poland)

摘要: Abstract The socio-economic effect of the occurrence specific forms relief, is a significant research problem in applied geomorphology. objective this study was to assess impact permanent gullies on land cover and agriculture within loess areas Eastern (E.) Poland. We analyzed relationships between an area consisting selected environmental indices. used following statistical methods: Pearson's linear correlation, ANOVA, PCA cluster analysis. It found that districts with similar gully density are characterized by set economic characteristics (cluster analysis). most distinct potential observed when covered more than 2% district. identified present-day forest (Pearson correlation index 0.5), changes 20th century (0.7), landscape parks reserves (0.8) share big farms (− 0.5). Weak negative correlations occurred aspects (indices from − 0.2 − 0.4). gullies, forests larger 20 ha were confirmed ANOVA. method showed arable lands good prospects. A positive case protected areas, steep slopes forests. In future, may turn out be challenge development efficient agriculture; they obstacle consolidation farm enlargement. Areas high require special spatial management reduce effects.