Anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and its metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in mice with TNBS-induced colitis.

摘要: Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main constituents Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammatory effect. In a preliminary study, it was observed that ginsenoside Rg1 metabolized to 20(S)-protopanaxtriol via ginsenosides Rh1 and F1 by gut microbiota. We further investigated effects its metabolites in vitro vivo. Ginsenosides Rh1, inhibited activation NF-κB activation, phosphorylation transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase, expression tumor necrosis factor-α IL-1β lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. They also binding LPS toll-like receptor 4 on Orally administered or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colon shortening, myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1β, IL-17, mice with TNBS-induced colitis. did not only inhibit but restored Th17/Treg imbalance. IL-10 Foxp3 expression. Moreover, they Th17 cell differentiation vitro. Of these metabolites, vivo effect most potent, followed Rh1. These findings suggest is particularly 20(S)-protopanaxtriol, may ameliorate inflammatory disease such as colitis inhibiting TLR4 macrophages restoring