Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent.

摘要: Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons genomes early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression zebu, indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at onset current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, a multicentury drought. In contrast genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports this male-driven, suggesting selection arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. human-mediated migration zebu-derived genetics continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.