The Human Dimensions of Geomorphological Work in Britain

摘要: Summary The transfer of materials from the natural environment to urban and industrially built produces two broad impacts on landscape: a removal earth's surface (a change in geomorphology) accumulation stock concrete other elsewhere cities industrial zones morphology). Thus, activity transforms landscapes and, doing so, has be considered geological geomorphological agent. On global scale, deliberate shift around 57,000 Mt (megatons)/yr through mineral extraction processes exceeds annual transport sediment oceans by rivers (some 22,000 Mt/yr) almost factor three. island Britain, total earth-surface is between 688 972 Mt/yr, depending whether or not replacement overburden opencast coal mining taken into account. The export only 10 Mt/yr whereas solution about 40 making nearly 14 times larger than caused processes. Processes examined ecology, such as direct excavation, development, waste dumping are those most driving changes shape British landscape today. These transformations pose added costs. Industrial ecology will produce an understanding hidden costs associated with these transformations. Such help planning encouraging reuse everywhere identifying key areas for intervention reduce off-site