Triadic and collaborative play by gorillas in social games with objects.

摘要: Interaction with others over objects has until recently been thought lacking in the social play of non-human great apes, contrast to that children; even now, only bonobos have observed engage involving objects. Human children’s triadic interactions involve joint attention, showing and giving, communication maintains interaction, sharing emotions experiences. We question assertions chimpanzees, apes general, lack key characteristics collaborative play. Here, we show zoo gorillas games are both collaborative. These were videotaped at San Francisco Zoo five different years involved pairings gorillas. The context was most cases playfully competitive, such as balls, bags leather pieces foci attention; ostensible goal gain or keep possession a particular object. In some episodes, roles possessor pursuer an object exchanged many times; others, one gorilla retained but encouraged pursuit from partner. Through gaze gesture, invited to: share interest attention objects; patterns play; re-engage after breaks Sometimes, would assist their efforts play: older younger partners by ‘self-handicapping’ own actions. Collaborative may occur later ontogeny than humans, depend on challenges artifacts available group’s habitat.