Wave-produced bubbles observed by side-scan sonar

摘要: When a wave breaks in deep water, forming whitecap, many small bubbles are generated and carried below the surface by turbulence. The breaking forms strong acoustic target when viewed from an inverted side-scan sonar. remaining water after has passed out of sonar beam also good scatterers their drift towards or away provides means remotely measuring that component near-surface current without interference flow exposing instruments to hazard violent conditions. This changes rapidly as wind changes. display shows regions convergence divergence bubble clouds, perhaps associated with Langmuir circulations, may, calm weather, respond presence slicks.