Gut resistome development in healthy twin pairs in the first year of life

摘要: The early life of the human host marks a critically important time for establishment gut microbial community, yet developmental trajectory community-encoded resistance genes (resistome) is unknown. We present longitudinal study fecal antibiotic resistome healthy amoxicillin-exposed and antibiotic-naive twins their mothers during first year life. extracted metagenomic DNA (mgDNA) from samples collected three twin pairs at timepoints (1 or 2 months, 6 7 11 months) (collected delivery). mgDNA was used to construct expression libraries in an Escherichia coli host. These were screened resistance, functionally selected sequenced annotated. A diverse distinct maternal apparent by months age, infants’ resistomes included clinically broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, cefepime) not found mothers. Dissemination among members given family positively correlated with sharing those same between unrelated families, potentially identifying within-family as marker emerging community large. Finally, we function: chloramphenicol resistance. All subjects all harbored determinants, but multidrug efflux pumps (rarely mothers) primary effectors young infants. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases more common than infants nearly later timepoints. Our results suggest that 1–2-month-old microbes harbor relevant mothers, family-specific shared environmental factors shape development.